(运维) IIS 下 Let’s Encrypt 免费泛域名 SSL 证书的自动部署与续期的实践

作者: iEdon 分类: 文章列表发布时间: 2019-12-06 12:53

背景

主机是一台 Windows Server 2019 Datacenter (可以视为 Win10 1809)，IIS 10.0

IIS 上运行了数个站点，包括一个 Gitea 的反向代理，一个微服务网关，数个管理平台，一个静态资源托管

本文即将使用的工具：WinACME：一款非常强大而且简单易用的工具。

因为在 Windows 的 IIS 中进行 HTTPS 托管，在笔者的多方比较下，WinACME 是最为简单的，它提供了多种自动部署方式，并且能安装计划任务自动延期。但是想要更加愉快的使用，必须进行一番调教。

有哪些问题

使用 WinACME 申请泛域名(Wildcard, 俗称野卡) 证书时，必须要用到 DNS 验证方式，WinACME 没有自动修改域名解析记录的任何适合国内使用的集成解决方案。
最近几版本支持 HTTP/2，SNI 的 IIS 可以在一个服务器上使用多个证书。
使用泛域名的野卡证书会出现多个网站共用一个证书的情况
WinACME 的自动续期只负责续签证书以及自动注册到 IIS 当中，但不会更新网站中对旧证书的绑定。

WinACME 支持自写脚本扩展，所以我们可以通过写域名DNS自动验证脚本，以及正确的域名证书更新脚本来规避上述问题。

解决方案

由于笔者的域名使用的是阿里云(万网)，因此可以使用阿里云的 API 来达到自动添加 DNS 验证所需要的 TXT 记录。以下是 DNS 验证自动脚本(PowerShell，可以直接拿去使用，参考自 Posh-ACME 的插件)：

# Modified By iEdon (https://iedon.com)
param(
	[string]$Task,
	[string]$DomainName,
	[string]$RecordName,
	[string]$TxtValue
)
$AliKeyId = '阿里云API Key'
$AliSecretInsecure = '阿里云 Secert'


$script:WellKnownDirs = @{
    LE_PROD = 'https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';
    LE_STAGE = 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';
}
$script:HEADER_NONCE = 'Replay-Nonce'
$script:USER_AGENT = "iEdon-Modified; PowerShell/$($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)"
$script:COMMON_HEADERS = @{'Accept-Language'='en-us,en;q=0.5'}


$script:UseBasic = @{}
if ('UseBasicParsing' -in (Get-Command Invoke-WebRequest).Parameters.Keys) {
    $script:UseBasic.UseBasicParsing = $true
}

function Get-DateTimeOffsetNow {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param()
    [System.DateTimeOffset]::Now
}
function Add-DnsTxtAliyun {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='Insecure')]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]
        [string]$RecordName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]
        [string]$TxtValue,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]
        [string]$AliKeyId,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Secure',Mandatory,Position=3)]
        [securestring]$AliSecret,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Insecure',Mandatory,Position=3)]
        [string]$AliSecretInsecure,
        [Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]
        $ExtraParams
    )

    if ('Insecure' -eq $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
        $AliSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString $AliSecretInsecure -AsPlainText -Force
    }

    try { $zoneName = Find-AliZone $RecordName $AliKeyId $AliSecret } catch { throw }
    Write-Debug "Found zone $zoneName"
	
    $recShort = $RecordName -ireplace [regex]::Escape(".$zoneName"), [string]::Empty
    if ($recShort -eq $RecordName) { $recShort = '@' }

    try {
        $queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RRKeyWord=$recShort","ValueKeyWord=$TxtValue",'TypeKeyWord=TXT'
        $response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomainRecords $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret
    } catch { throw }

    if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {
        Write-Debug "Record $RecordName already contains $TxtValue. Nothing to do."
    } else {
        Write-Verbose "Adding a TXT record for $RecordName with value $TxtValue"
        $queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RR=$recShort","Value=$TxtValue",'Type=TXT'
        Invoke-AliRest AddDomainRecord $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret | Out-Null
    }
}

function Remove-DnsTxtAliyun {
    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='Insecure')]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]
        [string]$RecordName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]
        [string]$TxtValue,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]
        [string]$AliKeyId,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Secure',Mandatory,Position=3)]
        [securestring]$AliSecret,
        [Parameter(ParameterSetName='Insecure',Mandatory,Position=3)]
        [string]$AliSecretInsecure,
        [Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]
        $ExtraParams
    )

    if ('Insecure' -eq $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {
        $AliSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString $AliSecretInsecure -AsPlainText -Force
    }

    try { $zoneName = Find-AliZone $RecordName $AliKeyId $AliSecret } catch { throw }
    Write-Debug "Found zone $zoneName"

    $recShort = $RecordName -ireplace [regex]::Escape(".$zoneName"), [string]::Empty
    if ($recShort -eq $RecordName) { $recShort = '@' }

    try {
        $queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RRKeyWord=$recShort","ValueKeyWord=$TxtValue",'TypeKeyWord=TXT'
        $response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomainRecords $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret
    } catch { throw }

    if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {
        Write-Verbose "Removing TXT record for $RecordName with value $TxtValue"
        $id = $response.DomainRecords.Record[0].RecordId
        Invoke-AliRest DeleteDomainRecord @("RecordId=$id") $AliKeyId $AliSecret | Out-Null
    } else {
        Write-Debug "Record $RecordName with value $TxtValue doesn't exist. Nothing to do."
    }
}

function Save-DnsTxtAliyun {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]
        $ExtraParams
    )
}

function Invoke-AliRest {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]
        [string]$Action,
        [Parameter(Position=1)]
        [string[]]$ActionParams,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]
        [string]$AccessKeyId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=3)]
        [securestring]$AccessSecret
    )

    $apiBase = 'https://alidns.aliyuncs.com'
    $allParams = $ActionParams + @(
        "AccessKeyId=$AccessKeyId",
        "Action=$Action",
        'Format=json',
        'SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1',
        "SignatureNonce=$((New-Guid).ToString())",
        'SignatureVersion=1.0',
        "Timestamp=$((Get-DateTimeOffsetNow).UtcDateTime.ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH\%3Amm\%3AssZ'))",
        "Version=2015-01-09"
    ) | Sort-Object

    $strToSign = [uri]::EscapeDataString($allParams -join '&')
    $strToSign = "GET&%2F&$strToSign"
    Write-Debug $strToSign
    $stsBytes = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($strToSign)

    $secPlain = (New-Object PSCredential "user",$AccessSecret).GetNetworkCredential().Password
    $secBytes = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes("$secPlain&")
    $hmac = New-Object Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA1($secBytes,$true)
    $sig = [Convert]::ToBase64String($hmac.ComputeHash($stsBytes))
    $sigUrl = [uri]::EscapeDataString($sig)
    Write-Debug $sig

    $uri = "$apiBase/?$($allParams -join '&')&Signature=$sigUrl"
    Invoke-RestMethod $uri @script:UseBasic -EA Stop
}

function Find-AliZone {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]
        [string]$RecordName,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]
        [string]$AliKeyId,
        [Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]
        [securestring]$AliSecret
    )

    if (!$script:AliRecordZones) { $script:AliRecordZones = @{} }

    if ($script:AliRecordZones.ContainsKey($RecordName)) {
        return $script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName
    }

    $pieces = $RecordName.Split('.')
    for ($i=1; $i -lt ($pieces.Count-1); $i++) {
        $zoneTest = "$( $pieces[$i..($pieces.Count-1)] -join '.' )"
        Write-Debug "Checking $zoneTest"
        try {
            $response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomains @("KeyWord=$zoneTest") $AliKeyId $AliSecret
            if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {
                $script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName = $response.Domains.Domain[0].DomainName # or PunyCode?
                return $script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName
            }
        } catch { throw }
    }

    throw "No zone found for $RecordName"
}
if ($Task -eq 'create'){
	Add-DnsTxtAliyun $RecordName $TxtValue $AliKeyId $AliSecretInsecure
}
if ($Task -eq 'delete'){
	Remove-DnsTxtAliyun $RecordName $TxtValue $AliKeyId $AliSecretInsecure
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

# Modified By iEdon (https://iedon.com)

param(

[string]$Task,

[string]$DomainName,

[string]$RecordName,

[string]$TxtValue

)

$AliKeyId = '阿里云API Key'

$AliSecretInsecure = '阿里云 Secert'

$script:WellKnownDirs = @{

LE_PROD = 'https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';

LE_STAGE = 'https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory';

}

$script:HEADER_NONCE = 'Replay-Nonce'

$script:USER_AGENT = "iEdon-Modified; PowerShell/$($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)"

$script:COMMON_HEADERS = @{'Accept-Language'='en-us,en;q=0.5'}

$script:UseBasic = @{}

if ('UseBasicParsing' -in (Get-Command Invoke-WebRequest).Parameters.Keys) {

$script:UseBasic.UseBasicParsing = $true

}

function Get-DateTimeOffsetNow {

[CmdletBinding()]

param()

[System.DateTimeOffset]::Now

}

function Add-DnsTxtAliyun {

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='Insecure')]

param(

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]

[string]$RecordName,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]

[string]$TxtValue,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]

[string]$AliKeyId,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Secure',Mandatory,Position=3)]

[securestring]$AliSecret,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Insecure',Mandatory,Position=3)]

[string]$AliSecretInsecure,

[Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]

$ExtraParams

)

if ('Insecure' -eq $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {

$AliSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString $AliSecretInsecure -AsPlainText -Force

}

try { $zoneName = Find-AliZone $RecordName $AliKeyId $AliSecret } catch { throw }

Write-Debug "Found zone $zoneName"

$recShort = $RecordName -ireplace [regex]::Escape(".$zoneName"), [string]::Empty

if ($recShort -eq $RecordName) { $recShort = '@' }

try {

$queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RRKeyWord=$recShort","ValueKeyWord=$TxtValue",'TypeKeyWord=TXT'

$response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomainRecords $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret

} catch { throw }

if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {

Write-Debug "Record $RecordName already contains $TxtValue. Nothing to do."

} else {

Write-Verbose "Adding a TXT record for $RecordName with value $TxtValue"

$queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RR=$recShort","Value=$TxtValue",'Type=TXT'

Invoke-AliRest AddDomainRecord $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret | Out-Null

}

function Remove-DnsTxtAliyun {

[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName='Insecure')]

param(

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]

[string]$RecordName,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]

[string]$TxtValue,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]

[string]$AliKeyId,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Secure',Mandatory,Position=3)]

[securestring]$AliSecret,

[Parameter(ParameterSetName='Insecure',Mandatory,Position=3)]

[string]$AliSecretInsecure,

[Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]

$ExtraParams

)

if ('Insecure' -eq $PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {

$AliSecret = ConvertTo-SecureString $AliSecretInsecure -AsPlainText -Force

}

try { $zoneName = Find-AliZone $RecordName $AliKeyId $AliSecret } catch { throw }

Write-Debug "Found zone $zoneName"

$recShort = $RecordName -ireplace [regex]::Escape(".$zoneName"), [string]::Empty

if ($recShort -eq $RecordName) { $recShort = '@' }

try {

$queryParams = "DomainName=$zoneName","RRKeyWord=$recShort","ValueKeyWord=$TxtValue",'TypeKeyWord=TXT'

$response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomainRecords $queryParams $AliKeyId $AliSecret

} catch { throw }

if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {

Write-Verbose "Removing TXT record for $RecordName with value $TxtValue"

$id = $response.DomainRecords.Record[0].RecordId

Invoke-AliRest DeleteDomainRecord @("RecordId=$id") $AliKeyId $AliSecret | Out-Null

} else {

Write-Debug "Record $RecordName with value $TxtValue doesn't exist. Nothing to do."

}

function Save-DnsTxtAliyun {

[CmdletBinding()]

param(

[Parameter(ValueFromRemainingArguments)]

$ExtraParams

)

}

function Invoke-AliRest {

[CmdletBinding()]

param(

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]

[string]$Action,

[Parameter(Position=1)]

[string[]]$ActionParams,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]

[string]$AccessKeyId,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=3)]

[securestring]$AccessSecret

)

$apiBase = 'https://alidns.aliyuncs.com'

$allParams = $ActionParams + @(

"AccessKeyId=$AccessKeyId",

"Action=$Action",

'Format=json',

'SignatureMethod=HMAC-SHA1',

"SignatureNonce=$((New-Guid).ToString())",

'SignatureVersion=1.0',

"Timestamp=$((Get-DateTimeOffsetNow).UtcDateTime.ToString('yyyy-MM-ddTHH\%3Amm\%3AssZ'))",

"Version=2015-01-09"

) | Sort-Object

$strToSign = [uri]::EscapeDataString($allParams -join '&')

$strToSign = "GET&%2F&$strToSign"

Write-Debug $strToSign

$stsBytes = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($strToSign)

$secPlain = (New-Object PSCredential "user",$AccessSecret).GetNetworkCredential().Password

$secBytes = [Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes("$secPlain&")

$hmac = New-Object Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA1($secBytes,$true)

$sig = [Convert]::ToBase64String($hmac.ComputeHash($stsBytes))

$sigUrl = [uri]::EscapeDataString($sig)

Write-Debug $sig

$uri = "$apiBase/?$($allParams -join '&')&Signature=$sigUrl"

Invoke-RestMethod $uri @script:UseBasic -EA Stop

}

function Find-AliZone {

[CmdletBinding()]

param(

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=0)]

[string]$RecordName,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=1)]

[string]$AliKeyId,

[Parameter(Mandatory,Position=2)]

[securestring]$AliSecret

)

if (!$script:AliRecordZones) { $script:AliRecordZones = @{} }

if ($script:AliRecordZones.ContainsKey($RecordName)) {

return $script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName

}

$pieces = $RecordName.Split('.')

for ($i=1; $i -lt ($pieces.Count-1); $i++) {

$zoneTest = "$( $pieces[$i..($pieces.Count-1)] -join '.' )"

Write-Debug "Checking $zoneTest"

try {

$response = Invoke-AliRest DescribeDomains @("KeyWord=$zoneTest") $AliKeyId $AliSecret

if ($response.TotalCount -gt 0) {

$script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName = $response.Domains.Domain[0].DomainName # or PunyCode?

return $script:AliRecordZones.$RecordName

}

} catch { throw }

}

throw "No zone found for $RecordName"

}

if ($Task -eq 'create'){

Add-DnsTxtAliyun $RecordName $TxtValue $AliKeyId $AliSecretInsecure

}

if ($Task -eq 'delete'){

Remove-DnsTxtAliyun $RecordName $TxtValue $AliKeyId $AliSecretInsecure

}

然后还有一个问题便是野卡证书的自动续签问题，可以利用这个 installation 脚本(PowerShell)：

# Script By iEdon (https://iedon.com)
$CertShop=Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\WebHosting\ | where-Object {$_.subject -like "*[你域名关键字，比如 iedon.com 可以输入 iedon]*" -and $_.FriendlyName -like "*[你域名关键字]*"} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint
Import-Module WebAdministration
Get-Item IIS:\SslBindings\0.0.0.0!443 | Remove-Item
Get-Item -Path "Cert:\LocalMachine\WebHosting\$CertShop" | New-Item -path IIS:\SslBindings\0.0.0.0!443

# Script By iEdon (https://iedon.com)

$CertShop=Get-ChildItem -Path Cert:\LocalMachine\WebHosting\ | where-Object {$_.subject -like "*[你域名关键字，比如 iedon.com 可以输入 iedon]*" -and $_.FriendlyName -like "*[你域名关键字]*"} | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Thumbprint

Import-Module WebAdministration

Get-Item IIS:\SslBindings\0.0.0.0!443 | Remove-Item

Get-Item -Path "Cert:\LocalMachine\WebHosting\$CertShop" | New-Item -path IIS:\SslBindings\0.0.0.0!443

此脚本会自动更新 IPv4 任意主机上 443 端口的虚拟主机上的绑定信息。

此后，可以正常使用 Win-ACME，操作为：

M (Create new certificate (full options))，
4 (Manual input)，
Enter comma-separated list of host names, starting with the common name: *.iedon.com（你的野卡 Wildcard 域名），
Suggested FriendlyName is ‘[Manual] 你刚输入的域名’, press enter to accept or type an alternative: <直接回车>，
选择 3 ([dns-01] Create verification records with your own script)，
Path to script that creates DNS records: C:\Server\WinACME\dns.ps1 (上文的阿里云 DNS 自动验证脚本)，
How to delete records after validation: 3 (Do not delete)，
Input parameters for create script, or enter for default “create {Identifier} {RecordName} {Token}”: <直接回车>，
What kind of private key should be used for the certificate?: 2 (RSA Key)，
How would you like to store the certificate?: 3 (Windows Certificate Store)，
Would you like to store it in another way too?: 3 (No additional storage steps required)，
Which installation step should run first?: 3 (Start external script or program)，
然后输入上文第二个自动续期用的安装脚本直接回车即可。

实际效果